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November 25, 2001

Deep in Christian devotion is the conviction that Jesus is king.  Integral to this concept is today’s text from Luke 23, where Pilate commanded that a sign be posted in ridicule over the dying Jesus, “This is Jesus, the king of the Jews.”  But Christians turned that ridicule into triumphant when Jesus was raised from the dead.  No power on earth was God’s equal, but why?  What is such legitimate power?

When kings ruled the world Jesus shunned that title though demonstrating superior power.  This gives us cause to examine the impact or relationship between Jesus’ power and civil powers.  Jesus obviously related to civil and religious authorities.  He obeyed civil laws.  He said, “Give to Caesar that which is Caesars and to God that which is God’s.”  He said that while fully aware that Caesar supported crucifixions and atrocities. We are left to fret and debate the relationship between and the form of God’s power and the forms of civil power.  Where is the “line” drawn between the two powers?  

Do I go to war when my country demands it when Jesus said, “love your enemies?”  Do I assert, “my country right or wrong?”  Do I give financially to charities when the government demands I supports through taxation many charitable endeavors traditionally privately supported?  Do we post the American flag in God’s house and if so, what are we asserting about the power of state and of God?  Can we serve two masters? Do we pass laws mandating public religious exercises like prayer in state schools? You name the issues.  When do I follow God’s rules and when do I follow the rule of law?

What does legitimate power look like?  I want to state my conclusion first and then tell you why I think it so.  Legitimate power is never self-serving, attention grabbing or self-aggrandizing.  It is characterized by behaviors expressing divine order when there is chaos, loyalty when there is faithlessness, truth when there is either dishonesty or half-truth, reconciliation where there is moral alienation and moral leadership where there is stagnation or confusion.  Yes, legitimate power is characterized by service to others reflecting these behaviors rather than by power to demand service.  Legitimate power advances Godly behavior between all persons rather than advancing national or political expediency that so often settles for security and stability rather than moral goodness.

Legitimate power actually actively prevents un-Godly self-interest, evil and injustice before it occurs.  Legitimate power actively confronts existing evil forces and injustice. Jesus modeled this by confronting the religious/political authorities of his day about the powers of injustice and evil they advanced by elevating laws about how to be holy without equally elevating God’s freeing and reconciling powers.

 In order that we clarify our relationship with civil authority, let me describe the look of legitimate and illegitimate power in personal experiences, in the Bible and in history.

Let us begin with illegitimate power that looks like self-elevation. A baby begins to exercise non-legitimate power almost from birth. A baby is totally self-centered out of preservation.  It cries if not served.  Later, as a toddler, a child will defy parent power often even under threat of a spanking and pain.  Elevation of self-will over what is good is often seen in the young child. At least this occurs until some self-discipline or conversion to that which is better for both self and for others hopefully begins to occur.

Religious leaders have used power illegitimately throughout history to advance their own ideals.  Christianity exercised illegitimate power in the form of terrorism called the Crusades during the Middle Ages.  Christians exercised illegitimate power as the Ku Klux Klan during the 20th century and through tacit support of Government sponsored terrorism against American Indians during the 19th century. It is the same illegitimate use of power by some Islamic believers supporting terrorism today.  God’s legitimate power is not self-serving and self-preserving, but serving of truth and mercy for the sake of God’s subjects.

Examine the Jeremiah text for this sermon.  Jeremiah lived during the time of Hebrew history when the king was both the chief of state and the chief priest.  The trouble was that kings were not very devout about power.  Kings thought like people with illegitimate power.  That meant they elevated self-interest over the good of their constituency or that of their non-Jewish neighbors. Therefore, prophets labeled one king after another as “bad.” They were bad because they elevated personal expediency over right relationships between Jews and between Jews and non-Jews.

And then along came King Josiah.  He discovered lost scrolls about legitimate Godly power and had them read to all the people.  A revival occurred. Jeremiah was pleased.  But then Josiah began to have visions of political grandeur similar to that of King David.  Legitimate power gave way to illegitimate self-serving power. He became a political expansionist.  He began to compromise with nearby kings who had selfish egotistical priorities.  He began to turn his back on God’s priorities and principles and do the expedient things to advance his own interest, justifying it for the good of God’s people. In doing so, Jeremiah said Josiah had lost his prophetic role. Like previous Hebrew kings, Josiah had become a shepherd who followed two conflicting priorities.  That scattered and destroyed those sheep that he was intended to guide.  He had abandoned his legitimate power.

For instance, Nebuchedrezzar of Babylon loomed on the eastern horizon and was much more powerful as I am defining illegitimate power. Josiah saw this as a threat because his priorities had become building his own kingdom.  Jeremiah urged using the arrival of the Babylonians as an opportunity for the Jews to spread the principles of God to people they would never have encountered otherwise. Consequently, Jeremiah urged peace when the Babylonians approached so Jews could convert Babylonians.

Because of this Nebuchedrezzar offered to make Jeremiah a government leader, but he refused.  Why?  Because his understanding of the relationships between God’s legitimate power and illegitimate political power would require he lose his position of judging all sides in light of God’s behaviors and principles. He would cease to be in a position allowing him to be prophetic and he might become compromised.

But Jeremiah saw a day when a righteous Branch called “The Lord Our Righteousness,” literally meaning the legitimate Lord (power) would arrive.  This person would maintain his prophetic role by adherence to divine principles and priorities and not lose it to personal political expediency as had Josiah. Jeremiah illustrates legitimate power.  Josiah illustrates illegitimate power when he turned to rely on political alliances to elevate him and Judah.

Now examine a historical illustration.  William Wilberforce lived a rather wild and immoral life in England during the 18th century. But he ran into one of the two Wesley brothers and was converted to Christ.  He forsook immorality and entered politics. He became convicted that slavery was evil and decided to put Godly legitimate power to work over non-legitimate economic power that said it is all right to enslave people for the sake of self-serving profit.

Wilberforce ran for Parliament and in spite of his stand on slavery was elected to the House of Commons.  He believed God had called him into the House of Commons to end slavery and the slave trade.  In the year Wilberforce began his campaign over 100,000 slaves were captured in Africa and taken by British ships to America.  The huge profit was a large part of the British economy.  But Wilberforce, convicted of the legitimacy of Godly power over political expediency, organized and lobbied, arguing that persons and ethics mattered more than money and profit.

It took 20 years but in 1807 Parliament finally abolished trading in slaves.  It took an additional twenty-six years before slavery itself was abolished in Britton.  But the year Wilberforce died, it became reality!  Wilberforce served God’s principles more than political expediency to draw the line between legitimate power and lesser power.  Oh, by the way, remember the British economy survived and thrived.

Friends, I call us all to conversion to such legitimate power.  I call us to serve the Lord who is the only king exercising legitimate power selflessly, for our sake and not out of some need to be secure and applauded.

We are not naturally servants of legitimate power.  We crave illegitimate power from our birth!  We are naturally self-elevating and self-serving persons.  That is the case unless we admit we are wrong and repent. We are not naturally servants of legitimate power unless we come see that we have injured God and our world by serving illegitimate power.

Let us seek God’s forgiveness.  Let us accept God’s promise of forgiveness.  It is what God has wanted all along.

Illegitimate power demands retribution.  Legitimate power is not interested in that, only in reconciliation and everyone living by God’s behaviors. God is king of legitimate power.  Embrace it!  Will you?

Well?